# in-solana
> Solana Developer Reference: RPC methods, error codes, programs, live tools and guides.

Sponsored by [Supanode](https://supanode.xyz) — Solana RPC, gRPC & dedicated node infrastructure provider.

This file lists the key pages on https://in-solana.com for LLM consumption.
Full text dump: https://in-solana.com/llms-full.txt

## RPC Methods

- [getAccountInfo — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getaccountinfo/): Returns all account data for a given public key: lamport balance, owner program, data, and executable status.
- [getBalance — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getbalance/): Returns the lamport balance of the account at the given public key.
- [getBlockCommitment — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getblockcommitment/): Returns the commitment level and stake distribution for a specific block.
- [getBlockHeight — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getblockheight/): Returns the current block height of the node — the number of blocks produced since genesis.
- [getBlockProduction — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getblockproduction/): Returns recent block production information from the current or previous epoch, per validator.
- [getBlockTime — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getblocktime/): Returns the estimated production time of a block as a Unix timestamp in seconds.
- [getBlocksWithLimit — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getblockswithlimit/): Returns a list of confirmed blocks starting from a given slot, up to a specified limit.
- [getClusterNodes — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getclusternodes/): Returns information about all the nodes participating in the Solana cluster.
- [getBlocks — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getblocks/): Returns a list of confirmed blocks between two slots, useful for scanning the ledger.
- [getBlock — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getblock/): Returns identity and transaction information about a confirmed block in the ledger.
- [getEpochInfo — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getepochinfo/): Returns information about the current epoch: epoch number, slot index, slots in epoch, and absolute slot.
- [getFirstAvailableBlock — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getfirstavailableblock/): Returns the slot of the lowest confirmed block that has not been purged from the ledger.
- [getEpochSchedule — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getepochschedule/): Returns the epoch schedule: slots per epoch, leader schedule offset, and warmup configuration.
- [getFeeForMessage — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getfeeformessage/): Returns the fee the network will charge for a given message, based on the number of signatures.
- [getGenesisHash — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getgenesishash/): Returns the genesis hash, a unique identifier for the Solana cluster (mainnet, testnet, or devnet).
- [getHealth — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/gethealth/): Returns the health status of the node: whether it is healthy, behind, or unknown.
- [getIdentity — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getidentity/): Returns the identity public key of the current node, identifying which validator is serving your requests.
- [getHighestSnapshotSlot — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/gethighestsnapshotslot/): Returns the highest slot information for which the node has snapshots: full and incremental.
- [getInflationRate — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getinflationrate/): Returns the current inflation rate: total, validator, foundation, and the epoch it applies to.
- [getInflationGovernor — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getinflationgovernor/): Returns the current inflation governor parameters: initial rate, terminal rate, taper, and foundation allocation.
- [getLargestAccounts — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getlargestaccounts/): Returns the 20 largest accounts by lamport balance, optionally filtered by circulating or non-circulating status.
- [getInflationReward — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getinflationreward/): Returns the inflation / staking reward for a list of addresses for a given epoch.
- [getLatestBlockhash — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getlatestblockhash/): Returns the latest blockhash and the last valid block height for transaction signing.
- [getLeaderSchedule — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getleaderschedule/): Returns the leader schedule for an epoch — which validator is assigned to each slot.
- [getMaxRetransmitSlot — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getmaxretransmitslot/): Returns the max slot seen from the retransmit stage, indicating how far the node has processed retransmitted shreds.
- [getMaxShredInsertSlot — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getmaxshredinsertslot/): Returns the max slot seen from the shred insert stage, indicating the highest slot written to the blockstore.
- [getRecentPerformanceSamples — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getrecentperformancesamples/): Returns recent performance samples: slot count, transaction count, and sample period for each 60-second window.
- [getMinimumBalanceForRentExemption — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getminimumbalanceforrentexemption/): Returns the minimum lamport balance required to make an account of a given data size rent-exempt.
- [getMultipleAccounts — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getmultipleaccounts/): Returns account information for a list of public keys in a single request — up to 100 accounts at once.
- [getProgramAccounts — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getprogramaccounts/): Returns all accounts owned by a given program, with optional filters for data size and content.
- [getRecentPrioritizationFees — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getrecentprioritizationfees/): Returns recent priority fee data per slot for the specified accounts, used to estimate competitive fees.
- [getSignaturesForAddress — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getsignaturesforaddress/): Returns the transaction signatures for a given address, ordered from newest to oldest, with pagination.
- [getSlot — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getslot/): Returns the slot that has reached the given commitment level, or the latest slot by default.
- [getSignatureStatuses — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getsignaturestatuses/): Returns the status of one or more transaction signatures: confirmation level, slot, and error if any.
- [getSlotLeader — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getslotleader/): Returns the identity public key of the current slot leader — the validator producing the current block.
- [getSlotLeaders — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getslotleaders/): Returns the slot leaders for a range of slots, showing which validator is assigned to each upcoming slot.
- [getStakeMinimumDelegation — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getstakeminimumdelegation/): Returns the minimum delegation amount in lamports required to create a stake account.
- [getSupply — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getsupply/): Returns the total, circulating, and non-circulating SOL supply, plus non-circulating account addresses.
- [getTokenAccountBalance — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/gettokenaccountbalance/): Returns the token balance of an SPL Token account, including the raw amount and UI-formatted value.
- [getTokenAccountsByDelegate — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/gettokenaccountsbydelegate/): Returns all SPL Token accounts that have delegated authority to a given address.
- [getTokenAccountsByOwner — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/gettokenaccountsbyowner/): Returns all SPL Token accounts owned by a given address, optionally filtered by mint or program.
- [getTokenLargestAccounts — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/gettokenlargestaccounts/): Returns the 20 largest token accounts for a given SPL Token mint, by balance.
- [getTokenSupply — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/gettokensupply/): Returns the total supply of an SPL Token mint, including raw amount and formatted value.
- [getTransaction — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/gettransaction/): Returns the full details of a confirmed transaction given its signature, including instructions and metadata.
- [getTransactionCount — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/gettransactioncount/): Returns the total number of transactions processed by the cluster since genesis.
- [getVersion — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getversion/): Returns the current Solana software version running on the node and the feature set identifier.
- [getVoteAccounts — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/getvoteaccounts/): Returns the list of current and delinquent validators with their vote accounts, stake, and commission.
- [isBlockhashValid — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/isblockhashvalid/): Returns whether a given blockhash is still valid for transaction submission.
- [minimumLedgerSlot — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/minimumledgerslot/): Returns the lowest slot number that the node has information about in its ledger.
- [requestAirdrop — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/requestairdrop/): Requests an airdrop of SOL to a given public key. Available on devnet and testnet only.
- [simulateTransaction — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/simulatetransaction/): Simulates a transaction without submitting it to the network. Returns execution logs and error details.
- [sendTransaction — Solana RPC Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/sendtransaction/): Submits a signed transaction to the cluster for processing. Returns the transaction signature.

## WebSocket Methods

- [accountSubscribe — Solana WebSocket Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/accountsubscribe/): Subscribe to an account to receive notifications when its data or lamport balance changes.
- [programSubscribe — Solana WebSocket Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/programsubscribe/): Subscribe to all accounts owned by a program to receive real-time notifications when any account's data changes.
- [rootSubscribe — Solana WebSocket Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/rootsubscribe/): Subscribe to receive a notification when a new root is set by the validator.
- [slotSubscribe — Solana WebSocket Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/slotsubscribe/): Subscribe to receive a notification every time a new slot is processed by the validator.
- [slotsUpdatesSubscribe — Solana WebSocket Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/slotsupdatessubscribe/): Subscribe to receive detailed slot update notifications including creation, confirmation, and finalization events.
- [voteSubscribe — Solana WebSocket Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/votesubscribe/): Subscribe to receive notifications when validators submit vote transactions.
- [blockSubscribe — Solana WebSocket Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/blocksubscribe/): Subscribe to receive notifications when a new block is confirmed or finalized on Solana.
- [logsSubscribe — Solana WebSocket Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/logssubscribe/): Subscribe to transaction log messages on Solana — filter by program or get all logs in real time.
- [signatureSubscribe — Solana WebSocket Method](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/signaturesubscribe/): Subscribe to a transaction signature to receive a notification when it reaches a specified commitment level.
- [Solana WebSocket Unsubscribe Methods](https://in-solana.com/rpc/websocket/unsubscribe-methods/): How to unsubscribe from Solana WebSocket subscriptions — accountUnsubscribe, programUnsubscribe, logsUnsubscribe, and all other unsubscribe methods.

## Errors

- [Transaction simulation failed: Blockhash not found](https://in-solana.com/errors/blockhash-not-found/): Fix the Blockhash not found error when simulating or sending Solana transactions.
- [Invalid param: could not find account](https://in-solana.com/errors/account-not-found/): Fix the 'could not find account' RPC error when querying a nonexistent Solana account.
- [This transaction has already been processed](https://in-solana.com/errors/already-processed/): Understand the 'already processed' transaction error on Solana — it means the transaction succeeded earlier.
- [Attempt to debit: no record of prior credit](https://in-solana.com/errors/attempt-to-debit-no-prior-credit/): Fix the 'no record of a prior credit' error when trying to transfer from a nonexistent Solana account.
- [custom program error: 0x1](https://in-solana.com/errors/custom-program-error-0x1/): Fix the custom program error 0x1 on Solana — usually means insufficient funds or invalid input in SPL programs.
- [TransactionExpiredBlockheightExceeded](https://in-solana.com/errors/block-height-exceeded/): Fix the block height exceeded error when your Solana transaction expires before confirmation.
- [Computational budget exceeded / exceeded CUs meter](https://in-solana.com/errors/computational-budget-exceeded/): Fix the compute budget exceeded error when a Solana transaction uses more compute units than allocated.
- [getProgramAccounts request timed out / scan aborted](https://in-solana.com/errors/get-program-accounts-timeout/): Fix getProgramAccounts timeouts on Solana RPC — use filters, dedicated nodes, or alternative approaches.
- [Insufficient funds for rent](https://in-solana.com/errors/insufficient-funds-for-rent/): Fix the insufficient funds for rent error when creating or modifying Solana accounts.
- [Insufficient funds for fee](https://in-solana.com/errors/insufficient-funds-for-fee/): Fix the insufficient funds for fee error when the Solana fee payer cannot cover the transaction fee.
- [Node is behind by N slots](https://in-solana.com/errors/node-is-behind/): Fix the 'Node is behind' health check warning when a Solana RPC node is lagging behind the cluster.
- [Signature verification failed / Missing signature](https://in-solana.com/errors/signature-verification-failed/): Fix signature verification errors when a Solana transaction has missing or invalid signatures.
- [429 Too Many Requests (Solana RPC)](https://in-solana.com/errors/too-many-requests-429/): Fix the 429 Too Many Requests rate limit error from Solana RPC providers and public endpoints.
- [Transaction was not confirmed in 30.00 seconds](https://in-solana.com/errors/transaction-not-confirmed-30-seconds/): Fix the 30-second confirmation timeout when sending Solana transactions.
- [Solana Transaction Not Landing or Dropped: Causes and Fixes](https://in-solana.com/errors/transaction-not-landing/): Why Solana transactions get dropped and how to improve landing rate with priority fees, retries, and infrastructure.
- [Transaction too large](https://in-solana.com/errors/transaction-too-large/): Fix the transaction too large error when a Solana transaction exceeds the 1232-byte size limit.
- [WebSocket error 1006: Abnormal Closure](https://in-solana.com/errors/websocket-1006/): Fix WebSocket 1006 abnormal closure errors on Solana — reconnection strategies, keep-alive pings, and provider limits.
- [AccountInUse — Solana Error](https://in-solana.com/errors/account-in-use/): Fix the AccountInUse error when a transaction tries to lock an account already in use by another transaction.
- [Address table account doesn't exist](https://in-solana.com/errors/address-lookup-table-not-found/): Fix the error when a Solana transaction references an Address Lookup Table that does not exist on-chain.
- [Anchor constraint errors (2000–2999)](https://in-solana.com/errors/anchor-constraint-errors/): Understand and fix Anchor framework constraint validation errors in the 2000–2999 range on Solana.
- [WouldExceedMaxBlockCostLimit — Solana](https://in-solana.com/errors/block-cost-limit/): Fix WouldExceedMaxBlockCostLimit and account cost limit errors when Solana blocks are at compute capacity.
- [Block not available for slot (-32004)](https://in-solana.com/errors/block-not-available-32004/): Fix the Block not available for slot error when querying old or skipped slots on Solana RPC.
- [AccountNotInitialized (Anchor 3012)](https://in-solana.com/errors/anchor-account-not-initialized-3012/): Fix the Anchor AccountNotInitialized error (3012) when a program expects an initialized account.
- [custom program error: 0x0 — Solana](https://in-solana.com/errors/custom-program-error-0x0/): Understand and fix the custom program error: 0x0 in Solana transactions. Maps to error code 0 in the program's error enum.
- [Duplicate signer / DuplicateInstruction](https://in-solana.com/errors/duplicate-signer/): Fix the Duplicate signer error when the same account appears twice in a Solana transaction's signer list.
- [IncorrectProgramId — Solana Error](https://in-solana.com/errors/incorrect-program-id/): Fix the IncorrectProgramId error when a transaction passes the wrong program ID for an account's owner.
- [InvalidAccountData for instruction — Solana](https://in-solana.com/errors/invalid-account-data/): Fix InvalidAccountData when a Solana program receives an account with unexpected data layout or size.
- [InvalidRentPayingAccount — Solana Error](https://in-solana.com/errors/invalid-rent-paying-account/): Fix InvalidRentPayingAccount when a new account is created without enough SOL for rent exemption.
- [InvalidWritableAccount — Solana Error](https://in-solana.com/errors/invalid-writable-account/): Fix InvalidWritableAccount when a transaction marks a read-only account as writable.
- [Jito bundle not landed / dropped](https://in-solana.com/errors/jito-bundle-dropped/): Fix Jito bundles that fail to land, get dropped, or time out on Solana mainnet.
- [Jupiter: slippage tolerance exceeded](https://in-solana.com/errors/jupiter-slippage-exceeded/): Fix the Jupiter swap slippage tolerance exceeded error when token prices move during transaction execution.
- [Slot not in long-term storage (-32009)](https://in-solana.com/errors/long-term-storage-32009/): Fix the -32009 error when a Solana RPC node has pruned the block data for the requested slot.
- [Method not found (-32601) — Solana RPC](https://in-solana.com/errors/method-not-found-32601/): Fix the JSON-RPC Method not found error (-32601) when calling a Solana RPC endpoint.
- [MaxLoadedAccountsDataSizeExceeded](https://in-solana.com/errors/max-loaded-accounts-data-size/): Fix MaxLoadedAccountsDataSizeExceeded when a Solana transaction loads too much account data.
- [Owner does not match (SPL Token)](https://in-solana.com/errors/owner-does-not-match/): Fix the Owner does not match error when a token operation is signed by the wrong wallet.
- [Program failed to complete — Solana Error](https://in-solana.com/errors/program-failed-to-complete/): Fix the Program failed to complete error caused by exceeding the compute unit limit on Solana.
- [Slot was skipped or missing (-32007)](https://in-solana.com/errors/slot-skipped-32007/): Understand why Solana returns Slot was skipped (-32007) and how to handle missing slots in your application.
- [Token account not initialized](https://in-solana.com/errors/token-account-not-initialized/): Fix UninitializedAccount and token account not initialized errors when interacting with SPL Token accounts.
- [Transaction history not available (-32011)](https://in-solana.com/errors/transaction-history-not-available-32011/): Fix the -32011 error when querying transaction history from a Solana RPC node without full history.
- [Transaction version (0) is not supported](https://in-solana.com/errors/versioned-transaction-not-supported/): Fix the error when an RPC node or wallet does not support versioned transactions (v0).
- [WebSocket subscription silently stops](https://in-solana.com/errors/websocket-subscription-dropped/): Fix Solana WebSocket subscriptions that silently stop receiving updates without an error or close event.

## Programs

- [System Program — Program ID, Instructions & Parsing](https://in-solana.com/programs/system-program/): Solana System Program reference: Program ID, instructions for account creation, transfers, and parsing.
- [Token-2022 — Program ID & Instructions](https://in-solana.com/programs/token-2022/): Token-2022 (Token Extensions) reference: Program ID, extensions, and instructions for advanced token features on Solana.
- [SPL Token Program — ID & Instructions](https://in-solana.com/programs/token-program/): Solana SPL Token Program reference: Program ID, instructions for minting, transferring, and burning tokens.
- [Compute Budget Program — Instructions](https://in-solana.com/programs/compute-budget/): Compute Budget Program reference: Program ID, instructions for setting compute unit limits, prices, and heap size.
- [Associated Token Account Program](https://in-solana.com/programs/associated-token-account/): Associated Token Account Program reference: Program ID and instructions for deterministic token account addresses.
- [Kamino Finance — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/kamino/): Kamino Finance lending and liquidity on Solana: Program IDs, lending markets, and automated vaults.
- [Address Lookup Table Program — ID & Instructions](https://in-solana.com/programs/address-lookup-table/): Solana Address Lookup Table Program reference: Program ID, how to create and manage lookup tables.
- [Drift Protocol — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/drift/): Drift Protocol perpetual futures and lending on Solana: Program ID, vAMM mechanics, and market types.
- [Memo Program — Program ID & Instructions](https://in-solana.com/programs/memo/): Solana Memo Program reference: Program ID, how to attach memos to transactions, and common use cases.
- [Metaplex Token Metadata — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/metaplex-token-metadata/): Metaplex Token Metadata program on Solana: Program ID, metadata accounts, and NFT standards.
- [marginfi — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/marginfi/): marginfi lending protocol on Solana: Program ID, lending mechanics, and risk management.
- [Jito Tip Payment — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/jito-tip-payment/): Jito Tip Payment program on Solana: Program ID, tip accounts, and how to send tips for bundle priority.
- [Jupiter Aggregator — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/jupiter-aggregator/): Jupiter DEX aggregator on Solana: Program ID, swap routing, and integration guide for developers.
- [Meteora Dynamic AMM — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/meteora-damm/): Meteora Dynamic AMM (DAMM) on Solana: Program ID, dynamic fee pools, and liquidity vault system.
- [Meteora DLMM — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/meteora-dlmm/): Meteora DLMM (Dynamic Liquidity Market Maker) on Solana: Program ID, bin-based pools, and liquidity strategies.
- [OpenBook V2 — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/openbook-v2/): OpenBook V2 central limit orderbook on Solana: Program ID, market structure, and order types.
- [Orca Whirlpools — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/orca-whirlpools/): Orca Whirlpools concentrated liquidity program on Solana: Program ID, tick-based pools, and SDK integration.
- [Phoenix — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/phoenix/): Phoenix orderbook DEX on Solana: Program ID, market structure, and FIFO matching engine.
- [Pump.fun — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/pump-fun/): Pump.fun token launchpad program on Solana: Program ID, bonding curve mechanics, and graduation to DEX.
- [PumpSwap — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/pumpswap/): PumpSwap DEX on Solana: Program ID, AMM mechanics, and Pump.fun graduation liquidity.
- [Raydium AMM V4 — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/raydium-amm-v4/): Raydium AMM V4 constant-product pool on Solana: Program ID, pool structure, and swap mechanics.
- [Raydium CLMM — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/raydium-clmm/): Raydium Concentrated Liquidity Market Maker on Solana: Program ID, tick-based pools, and position management.
- [Raydium CPMM — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/raydium-cpmm/): Raydium Constant Product Market Maker (CPMM) on Solana: Program ID, pool creation, and Token-2022 support.
- [Sanctum — Program ID & Overview](https://in-solana.com/programs/sanctum/): Sanctum liquid staking infrastructure on Solana: Program ID, LST router, and the Infinity pool.
- [Stake Program — Program ID & Instructions](https://in-solana.com/programs/stake-program/): Solana Stake Program reference: Program ID, staking instructions, and how delegation works.
- [Vote Program — Program ID & Instructions](https://in-solana.com/programs/vote-program/): Solana Vote Program reference: Program ID, vote account structure, and validator consensus participation.

## Guides

- [How to Land Solana Transactions Reliably](https://in-solana.com/guides/land-transactions-reliably/): Guide to landing Solana transactions reliably: blockhash strategy, priority fees, retry logic and sending methods.
- [How to Choose a Solana RPC Provider](https://in-solana.com/guides/choose-rpc-provider/): A developer's guide to choosing a Solana RPC provider: latency, rate limits, pricing models, staked connections, and what matters for your use case.
- [Alpenglow: What Changes for Solana Developers](https://in-solana.com/guides/alpenglow-for-developers/): How Solana's Alpenglow consensus upgrade affects developers — faster finality, new APIs, and what to update in your code.
- [Solana RPC Nodes in Europe: Latency and Provider Options](https://in-solana.com/guides/solana-rpc-europe/): Guide to Solana RPC providers with European endpoints — latency considerations, data residency, and choosing the right EU node location.
- [Solana RPC Pricing: What Does It Actually Cost?](https://in-solana.com/guides/solana-rpc-pricing/): Breakdown of Solana RPC pricing models — free tiers, credit-based, request-based, and flat-rate plans for developers and trading bots.
- [Optimizing Compute Units on Solana](https://in-solana.com/guides/compute-units/): How to estimate, set, and optimize compute unit limits on Solana to reduce fees and improve transaction landing.
- [Retrying and Confirming Transactions Correctly](https://in-solana.com/guides/retry-and-confirm/): Best practices for retrying and confirming Solana transactions: blockhash management, polling, and avoiding duplicate sends.
- [Solana RPC for Trading Bots: What You Need](https://in-solana.com/guides/rpc-for-trading-bots/): How to choose and configure Solana RPC for trading bots — staked connections, latency optimization, transaction landing, and gRPC streaming.
- [Solana Priority Fees: How to Set Them Correctly](https://in-solana.com/guides/priority-fees/): Learn how Solana priority fees work, how to estimate them, and how to set compute unit price and limit for reliable transaction landing.
- [When You Need a Dedicated Solana Node](https://in-solana.com/guides/dedicated-vs-shared-node/): Compare dedicated vs. shared Solana RPC nodes: performance, cost, and when each makes sense.
- [Firedancer: What Developers Need to Know](https://in-solana.com/guides/firedancer-for-developers/): How Firedancer changes Solana for developers: new TPS capacity, different validator behavior, and what to prepare for.
- [Getting Historical Data on Solana](https://in-solana.com/guides/historical-data/): How to access historical transaction data, account snapshots, and block archives on Solana using RPC, indexers, and warehouse services.
- [Alternatives to getProgramAccounts](https://in-solana.com/guides/avoid-getprogramaccounts/): Why getProgramAccounts is expensive and slow, and what to use instead for efficient data fetching on Solana.
- [Jito Bundles and Tips Explained](https://in-solana.com/guides/jito-bundles/): How Jito bundles work on Solana, how to send tips, and when to use bundles vs. standard transaction sending.
- [Hyperliquid Data Feeds for Developers](https://in-solana.com/guides/hyperliquid-data/): How to access Hyperliquid market data, trade history, and orderbook information through the API.
- [Decoding Solana Transactions](https://in-solana.com/guides/decode-transactions/): How to parse and decode Solana transaction data, instructions, and inner instructions programmatically.
- [Reducing Latency for Solana Bots](https://in-solana.com/guides/latency-optimization/): Techniques to minimize latency for Solana trading bots: colocation, connection reuse, pre-computation, and leader-aware routing.
- [MEV on Solana: An Engineer's Overview](https://in-solana.com/guides/mev-on-solana/): How MEV works on Solana, the differences from Ethereum MEV, and how Jito's block engine shapes the landscape.
- [Getting Polymarket Data Programmatically](https://in-solana.com/guides/polymarket-data/): How to access Polymarket prediction market data, odds, and trade history through APIs and on-chain data.
- [Integrating With Pump.fun](https://in-solana.com/guides/pump-fun-integration/): How to interact with Pump.fun programmatically: creating tokens, buying, selling, and monitoring new launches.
- [Pump.fun Historical and Trade Data](https://in-solana.com/guides/pumpfun-historical-data/): How to access Pump.fun historical trade data, token launches, and bonding curve activity on Solana.
- [Solana RPC Failover and High Availability](https://in-solana.com/guides/rpc-failover/): How to build reliable Solana applications with RPC failover, load balancing, and multi-provider strategies.
- [Dealing With RPC Rate Limits](https://in-solana.com/guides/rpc-rate-limits/): How Solana RPC rate limits work, how to detect them, and strategies to stay within limits or work around them.
- [Solana DEX Data: Getting Swap History](https://in-solana.com/guides/solana-dex-data/): How to access historical swap data from Solana DEXes like Jupiter, Raydium, and Orca using indexers and Geyser streams.
- [Running Your Own Solana RPC Node](https://in-solana.com/guides/run-your-own-rpc/): Hardware requirements, costs, and setup considerations for running your own Solana RPC node.
- [Migrating From web3.js 1.x to @solana/kit](https://in-solana.com/guides/solana-kit-migration/): A practical guide to migrating your Solana TypeScript code from @solana/web3.js 1.x to the new @solana/kit SDK.
- [Stake-Weighted QoS and Staked Connections](https://in-solana.com/guides/staked-connections-swqos/): How Solana's Stake-Weighted Quality of Service (SWQoS) works and why staked connections improve transaction landing.
- [Testing on Devnet and Local Validator](https://in-solana.com/guides/testing-on-devnet/): How to set up Solana devnet and local validator testing for transactions, programs, and dApps.
- [Sending Transactions Directly to the Leader](https://in-solana.com/guides/tpu-direct-sending/): How to send Solana transactions directly to the leader's TPU via QUIC for lower latency and higher landing rates.
- [Working With Token-2022 Extensions](https://in-solana.com/guides/token-2022-extensions/): How to use Token-2022 (Token Extensions) on Solana: transfer fees, confidential transfers, metadata, and more.
- [Trading Bot Architecture on Solana](https://in-solana.com/guides/trading-bot-architecture/): Design patterns for Solana trading bots: data ingestion, decision logic, execution paths, and infrastructure considerations.
- [Versioned Transactions and Lookup Tables](https://in-solana.com/guides/versioned-transactions/): How to use versioned transactions (v0) and Address Lookup Tables to fit more accounts in a single Solana transaction.
- [WebSocket Best Practices for Solana](https://in-solana.com/guides/websocket-best-practices/): How to build reliable WebSocket connections for Solana: reconnection, subscription management, and provider selection.

## Streaming

- [Solana Geyser gRPC (Yellowstone): Complete Guide](https://in-solana.com/streaming/geyser-grpc/): Complete guide to Yellowstone gRPC for Solana: setup, subscription filters, latency and provider comparison.
- [What Is ShredStream and When You Need It](https://in-solana.com/streaming/shredstream/): ShredStream delivers raw Solana shreds directly from leaders, providing the lowest possible data latency.
- [Commitment Levels in Streaming](https://in-solana.com/streaming/commitment-levels-streaming/): How processed, confirmed and finalized commitment levels affect Solana gRPC and WebSocket data streams.
- [Using Solana gRPC for Trading Bots](https://in-solana.com/streaming/grpc-for-trading-bots/): Architecture and patterns for using Yellowstone gRPC in trading and copy-trading bots on Solana.
- [Track a Wallet's Transactions in Real Time](https://in-solana.com/streaming/track-wallet/): How to monitor a specific Solana wallet address for all incoming and outgoing transactions using gRPC.
- [Track New Token Launches in Real Time](https://in-solana.com/streaming/track-new-tokens/): How to detect new SPL token mints on Solana using gRPC account subscriptions and transaction filters.
- [Parse DEX Swaps From a Transaction Stream](https://in-solana.com/streaming/parse-swaps/): How to identify and parse DEX swap transactions from a Solana gRPC stream including Raydium and Orca.
- [Yellowstone gRPC Subscription Filters](https://in-solana.com/streaming/yellowstone-filters/): Reference for Yellowstone gRPC subscription filters: accounts, transactions, slots, blocks and entries.
- [Solana gRPC in TypeScript: Examples](https://in-solana.com/streaming/grpc-typescript/): How to connect to Yellowstone gRPC from TypeScript with subscription examples for accounts and transactions.
- [Solana gRPC in Rust: Examples](https://in-solana.com/streaming/grpc-rust/): How to connect to Yellowstone gRPC from Rust with account and transaction subscription examples.
- [Reconnects, Gaps and Backfill in Streaming](https://in-solana.com/streaming/reconnect-and-backfill/): How to handle disconnections, detect gaps, and backfill missed data in Solana gRPC and WebSocket streams.
- [Solana gRPC in Go — Examples](https://in-solana.com/streaming/grpc-go/): How to subscribe to Solana accounts and transactions using Yellowstone gRPC in Go.
- [Solana gRPC in Python — Examples](https://in-solana.com/streaming/grpc-python/): How to subscribe to Solana accounts, transactions, and slots using Yellowstone gRPC in Python.

## Compare

- [Solana gRPC (Yellowstone) Providers and Pricing Compared](https://in-solana.com/compare/solana-grpc-providers/): Compare Solana gRPC providers by pricing, features, rate limits and Yellowstone gRPC support.
- [Solana RPC Rate Limits by Provider](https://in-solana.com/compare/rpc-rate-limits-by-provider/): Compare Solana RPC rate limits across providers — requests per second, compute units, method-specific limits, and how to handle 429 errors.
- [Solana Transaction Senders Compared](https://in-solana.com/compare/solana-transaction-senders/): Compare Solana transaction sending methods — standard sendTransaction, Jito bundles, and direct TPU client. Pros, cons, and when to use each.
- [Agave vs Firedancer — Solana Validator Clients](https://in-solana.com/compare/agave-vs-firedancer/): Compare Agave and Firedancer Solana validator clients: architecture, performance, and what it means for developers.
- [Shared vs Dedicated Solana RPC](https://in-solana.com/compare/shared-vs-dedicated-rpc/): Compare shared and dedicated Solana RPC nodes: performance, cost, isolation, and when to upgrade.
- [Solana RPC Provider Support Compared](https://in-solana.com/compare/rpc-provider-support/): Compare Solana RPC provider support: Telegram groups, ticket systems, response times, and engineer access.
- [Solana Dedicated Node Providers and Pricing](https://in-solana.com/compare/dedicated-node-providers/): Compare Solana dedicated node providers: pricing, hardware specs, managed vs bare-metal, and gRPC support.
- [ShredStream Providers and Pricing Compared](https://in-solana.com/compare/shredstream-providers/): Compare ShredStream (Jito) providers and pricing for low-latency Solana shred data.
- [Public vs Private Solana RPC Endpoints](https://in-solana.com/compare/public-vs-private-rpc/): Compare public and private Solana RPC endpoints: rate limits, reliability, features, and when to switch.
- [Jito vs TPU Sender vs Staked RPC for Landing Txs](https://in-solana.com/compare/jito-vs-staked-rpc/): Compare transaction landing methods on Solana: Jito bundles, direct TPU sending, and staked connections.
- [ShredStream vs gRPC — When to Use Each](https://in-solana.com/compare/shredstream-vs-grpc/): Compare Jito ShredStream and Yellowstone gRPC for low-latency Solana data: latency, data types, and use cases.
- [Solana gRPC vs WebSocket vs RPC — Which to Use](https://in-solana.com/compare/grpc-vs-websocket/): Compare Solana data streaming options: Yellowstone gRPC, WebSocket subscriptions, and RPC polling.
- [@solana/kit vs @solana/web3.js](https://in-solana.com/compare/solana-kit-vs-web3js/): Compare the new @solana/kit SDK with the legacy @solana/web3.js 1.x: API design, bundle size, and migration.
- [Solana RPC Providers Compared (2026)](https://in-solana.com/compare/solana-rpc-providers/): Side-by-side comparison of Solana RPC providers: features, pricing, rate limits, and supported methods.
- [Solana vs Ethereum for Developers](https://in-solana.com/compare/solana-vs-ethereum-for-developers/): Compare Solana and Ethereum from a developer perspective: execution model, accounts, languages, and tooling.

## Tools

- [Solana Priority Fee Tracker (Live)](https://in-solana.com/tools/priority-fee-tracker/): Live priority fee data for Solana: current median and percentile fees by program.
- [Solana Network Status (Live)](https://in-solana.com/tools/network-status/): Live Solana network health: current slot, TPS, epoch progress, and validator status.
- [Solana RPC Latency Checker](https://in-solana.com/tools/rpc-latency-checker/): Test Solana RPC endpoint latency: measure response times for common methods from your location.
- [Solana Compute Unit Estimator](https://in-solana.com/tools/compute-unit-calculator/): Estimate compute unit usage for Solana transactions: simulate instructions and optimize CU budgets.
- [Jito Tip Tracker (Live)](https://in-solana.com/tools/jito-tip-tracker/): Live Jito bundle tip data: recent tip amounts, percentiles, and trends for Solana transaction priority.
- [Solana Program ID Lookup](https://in-solana.com/tools/program-id-lookup/): Look up any Solana Program ID: find the program name, description, and whether the account is executable.
- [Solana Transaction Decoder](https://in-solana.com/tools/transaction-decoder/): Decode a Solana transaction signature into human-readable instructions, accounts, and logs.
- [Solana Epoch Countdown](https://in-solana.com/tools/epoch-countdown/): Live countdown to the next Solana epoch boundary: current epoch progress, time remaining, and staking implications.
- [SOL to Lamports Converter](https://in-solana.com/tools/lamports-converter/): Convert between SOL and lamports instantly. 1 SOL = 1,000,000,000 lamports.
- [Solana Rent Calculator](https://in-solana.com/tools/rent-calculator/): Calculate the rent-exempt minimum for any Solana account size. Enter bytes to get the required SOL deposit.

## Network

- [Alpenglow Upgrade: Status, Timeline and Impact](https://in-solana.com/network/alpenglow/): Alpenglow is Solana's upcoming consensus upgrade replacing Tower BFT with Votor and Rotor.
- [Solana TPS (Live)](https://in-solana.com/network/tps/): Real-time and historical Solana transactions per second, with context on vote vs non-vote TPS.
- [Firedancer Rollout Status](https://in-solana.com/network/firedancer/): Firedancer is a new Solana validator client built from scratch by Jump Crypto for performance and client diversity.
- [Solana Fee History](https://in-solana.com/network/fees-history/): Historical Solana transaction fees: base fees, priority fees, and how fee markets have evolved.
- [Solana Validator Client Distribution](https://in-solana.com/network/validator-client-distribution/): Live breakdown of Solana validator clients: Agave and Firedancer adoption, stake distribution, and client diversity.

## Glossary

- [What Is Slot in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/slot/): A slot is the time window during which a validator can produce a block on Solana.
- [What Is Alpenglow in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/alpenglow/): Alpenglow is Solana's next-generation consensus protocol replacing Tower BFT with faster finality through Vouch and Roast phases.
- [What Is Compute Unit in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/compute-unit/): A compute unit (CU) measures how much processing a transaction requires. It determines priority fees and block capacity.
- [What Is Epoch in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/epoch/): An epoch is a period of approximately 432,000 slots (~2-3 days) used for staking rewards and leader schedule rotation.
- [What Is Geyser in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/geyser/): Geyser is Solana's plugin system for streaming real-time account and transaction data from a validator.
- [What Is Firedancer in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/firedancer/): Firedancer is an independent Solana validator client built in C by Jump Crypto, designed for maximum throughput and reliability.
- [What Is Finality in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/finality/): Finality is the point at which a transaction is irreversible. On Solana, finality takes ~12 seconds under Tower BFT.
- [What Is Blockhash in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/blockhash/): A blockhash is a SHA-256 hash of a recently produced block, used to prevent transaction replay and set expiry.
- [What Is Lamport in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/lamport/): A lamport is the smallest unit of SOL — 1 SOL equals 1,000,000,000 lamports.
- [What Is PDA in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/pda/): A Program Derived Address (PDA) is a deterministic account address derived from a program ID and seeds, with no private key.
- [What Is Commitment in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/commitment/): Commitment levels (processed, confirmed, finalized) describe how certain you can be that a transaction or state will not be rolled back.
- [What Is Rent in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/rent/): Rent is the cost of storing data on-chain. Accounts must hold enough SOL to be rent-exempt, or they are removed.
- [What Is Priority Fee in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/priority-fee/): A priority fee is an optional extra fee paid per compute unit to increase a transaction's scheduling priority.
- [What Is RPC Node in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/rpc-node/): An RPC node is a Solana validator configured to serve API requests from developers and applications.
- [What Is ShredStream in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/shredstream/): ShredStream is Jito's service that delivers raw block data (shreds) to subscribers with minimal latency.
- [What Is Account in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/account/): An account is the fundamental data unit on Solana, storing SOL balances, program state, or executable code.
- [What Is Agave in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/agave/): Agave is the primary Solana validator client, maintained by Anza (formerly the Solana Labs validator codebase).
- [What Is Address Lookup Table in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/address-lookup-table/): An address lookup table stores on-chain addresses that versioned transactions reference by index to save space.
- [What Is Anchor in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/anchor/): Anchor is a framework for building Solana programs in Rust with declarative account validation and automatic serialization.
- [What Is Archive Node in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/archive-node/): An archive node stores the complete Solana ledger history, enabling queries for old blocks and transactions.
- [What Is ATA in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/ata/): An ATA (Associated Token Account) is a deterministically derived token account address for a given wallet and mint.
- [What Is Bundle in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/bundle/): A bundle is a group of up to 5 Solana transactions submitted to Jito that execute atomically and in sequence.
- [What Is Base Fee in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/base-fee/): The base fee is a fixed per-signature fee of 5,000 lamports charged on every Solana transaction.
- [What Is Confirmed in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/confirmed/): Confirmed is the commitment level where 66.7%+ of stake has voted on a block, making rollback unlikely.
- [What Is CPI in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/cpi/): CPI (Cross-Program Invocation) allows one Solana program to call another program's instructions within a transaction.
- [What Is Finalized in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/finalized/): Finalized is the highest commitment level in Solana, indicating a block has reached maximum lockout and cannot be rolled back.
- [What Is Durable Nonce in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/durable-nonce/): A durable nonce replaces the blockhash in a transaction, allowing it to be signed offline and submitted later without expiring.
- [What Is Frankendancer in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/frankendancer/): Frankendancer is a hybrid validator client combining Firedancer's networking stack with Agave's execution engine.
- [What Is IDL in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/idl/): An IDL (Interface Definition Language) is a JSON schema describing a Solana program's instructions, accounts, and types.
- [What Is Gossip in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/gossip/): Gossip is Solana's protocol for sharing cluster metadata like validator addresses, votes, and contact information.
- [What Is Jito in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/jito/): Jito is a Solana MEV infrastructure provider offering bundles, tips, and a modified validator client for transaction ordering.
- [What Is Instruction in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/instruction/): An instruction is a single operation within a Solana transaction, specifying a program to call and the accounts to use.
- [What Is Jitosol in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/jitosol/): JitoSOL is a liquid staking token that represents staked SOL earning both staking rewards and MEV tips from Jito validators.
- [What Is Inflation in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/inflation/): Inflation is the rate at which new SOL is issued to fund staking rewards, starting at 8% and decreasing annually.
- [What Is Leader Schedule in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/leader-schedule/): The leader schedule assigns validators to slots for block production, determined by stake at the start of each epoch.
- [What Is Liquid Staking in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/liquid-staking/): Liquid staking lets you stake SOL and receive a tradeable token representing your staked position plus earned rewards.
- [What Is MEV in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/mev/): MEV (Maximal Extractable Value) is the profit validators or searchers can extract by reordering, inserting, or excluding transactions.
- [What Is Processed in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/processed/): Processed is the fastest commitment level in Solana, indicating the leader has processed the transaction in a block.
- [What Is Program in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/program/): A program is executable code deployed on-chain that processes instructions and modifies account state.
- [What Is Rent Exemption in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/rent-exemption/): Rent exemption is the minimum lamport balance an account must hold to remain on-chain without being purged.
- [What Is QUIC in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/quic/): QUIC is the transport protocol Solana uses for transaction ingestion, replacing UDP to enable rate limiting and flow control.
- [What Is Proof Of History in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/proof-of-history/): Proof of History is a cryptographic clock that provides a verifiable ordering of events without requiring consensus.
- [What Is Rotor in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/rotor/): Rotor is the block propagation protocol proposed for Alpenglow that improves on Turbine's data distribution.
- [What Is Shred in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/shred/): A shred is a small data packet that blocks are broken into for efficient propagation via Turbine.
- [What Is Skip Rate in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/skip-rate/): Skip rate is the percentage of assigned leader slots where a validator failed to produce a block.
- [What Is SPL Token in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/spl-token/): SPL Token is the standard for fungible and non-fungible tokens on Solana, managed by the SPL Token Program.
- [What Is SWQoS in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/swqos/): SWQoS (Stake-Weighted Quality of Service) prioritizes transaction ingestion from staked validators over unstaked sources.
- [What Is Sealevel in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/sealevel/): Sealevel is Solana's parallel transaction execution engine that processes non-conflicting transactions simultaneously.
- [What Is Stake Account in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/stake-account/): A stake account holds SOL delegated to a validator for consensus participation and reward earning.
- [What Is Tip in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/tip/): A tip is a SOL payment to Jito validators for including a bundle in the block, separate from priority fees.
- [What Is Token 2022 in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/token-2022/): Token-2022 is an upgraded token program with extensions for transfer fees, confidential transfers, and on-chain metadata.
- [What Is Tower BFT in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/tower-bft/): Tower BFT is Solana's consensus mechanism that uses Proof of History timestamps to reduce voting communication overhead.
- [What Is TPS in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/tps/): TPS (Transactions Per Second) measures Solana's throughput, typically 2,000–4,000 for real user transactions.
- [What Is Transaction Landing in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/transaction-landing/): Transaction landing rate is the percentage of submitted transactions that are successfully included in a block.
- [What Is Turbine in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/turbine/): Turbine is Solana's block propagation protocol that distributes block data across validators using a tree structure.
- [What Is Versioned Transaction in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/versioned-transaction/): A versioned transaction supports address lookup tables, allowing more accounts per transaction than legacy format.
- [What Is TPU in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/tpu/): TPU (Transaction Processing Unit) is the validator component that receives, verifies, and executes transactions.
- [What Is Votor in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/votor/): Votor is the consensus protocol proposed for Alpenglow that replaces Tower BFT with faster finality.
- [What Is Vote Account in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/vote-account/): A vote account records a validator's votes on blocks and tracks its commission rate and earned credits.
- [What Is Validator in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/validator/): A validator is a node that participates in Solana consensus by voting on blocks and optionally producing them.
- [What Is Yellowstone in Solana?](https://in-solana.com/glossary/yellowstone/): Yellowstone is the Geyser gRPC plugin that streams real-time Solana data over gRPC, commonly used for trading bots and indexers.